Chapter 14

Copyright and Fair Use

The Educator's Guide to Copyright and Fair Use

When it comes to copyright law and the application of fair use exceptions, ignorance is definitely not bliss! Learn how to educate yourselves and your students and avoid making a costly mistake!

You really did plan to find time over the summer to familiarize yourself with the latest information on copyright law. You absolutely intended to look up the fair use guidelines for using technology resources. You truly meant to create a classroom copyright policy, locate agencies that grant permissions to use copyrighted materials, write a template for a permission request form, and locate sites to teach students about the value of original work and the societal benefits of obeying copyright laws. You just had a few other things to do.

So now you have a student who wants to include audio of a Beatles song in a multimedia presentation about the 1960s, another who wants to include the poem "Casey at the Bat" in a report on the World Series, and a third who wants to post photographs of Biden and Obama to the class Web site.

What's an educator to do? Read Education World's five-part series on copyright, fair use, and new technologies, that's what! We did the work so you wouldn't have to!

http://www.educationworld.com/a_curr/curr280.shtml

Chapter 13  

Knowledge Management (KM)..

Momentum of Knowledge Management

      The last few years have seen a rapidly growing interest in the topic of knowledge management. 'Leveraging Knowledge for Sustainable Advantage' was the title of one of the first conferences (in 1995) that brought knowledge management onto the management agenda. From 1997 a surge of books, magazines and websites have come onto the scene. Today (2003) most large organizations have some form of knowledge management initiative. Many companies have created knowledge teams and appointed CKOs (Chief Knowledge Officers). Knowledge is firmly on the strategic agenda.

Why Now?

        The level of interest has been building for several years. Many innovative companies have long appreciated the value for knowledge to enhance their products and customer service. Our analysis indicates several reasons why the level of interest has grown dramatically during recent years:

• Globalization and competition - many organizations rely on knowledge to create their strategic advantage. With available knowledge widely dispersed and fragmented, organizations often waste valuable time and resources in 'reinventing the wheel' or failing to access the highest quality knowledge and expertise that is available. 
  
  
• Knowledge can command a premium price in the market - Applied know-how can enhance the value (and hence the price) of products and services. Examples are the 'smart drill' that learns how to extract more oil from an oil field, and the hotel chain that knows your personal preferences and so can give you a more personalized service.
  
  
• Restructuring and downsizing - Without effective mechanisms in place to capture knowledge of experienced employees, organizations make costly mistakes or have to pay again for knowledge they once had on tap.
  
  
• Sharing of best practices - Companies save millions a year by taking the knowledge from their best performers and applying it in similar situations elsewhere.
  
  
• Successful Innovation - Companies applying knowledge management methods have found that through knowledge networking they can create new products and services faster and better.

These and other benefits, such as improved customer service, faster problem solving and more rapid adaptation to market changes, have resulted from an explicit focus on corporate knowledge as a strategic resource.

Examples of Success

         Our cases database has over 100 examples of organizations that have achieved significant benefits through knowledge management. Here are just a few examples:

• BP - by introducing virtual teamworking using videconferencing have speeded up the solution of critical operation problems
• Hoffman La Roche - through its Right First Time programme has reduced the cost and time to achieve regulatory approvals for new drugs.
• Dow Chemical - by focusing on the active management of its patent portfolio have generated over $125 million in revenues from licensing and other ways of exploiting their intangible assets.
• Texas Instruments - by sharing best practice between its semiconductor fabrication plants saved the equivalent of investing in a new plant.
• Skandia Assurance - by developing new measures of intellectual capital and goaling their managers on increasing its value have grown revenues much faster than their industry average.
• Hewlett-Packard - by sharing expertise already in the company, but not known to their development teams, now bring new products to market much faster than before.

Guidelines for Success

     Our research has identified a number of recurring success factors:

• A knowledge leader or champion - someone who actively drives the knowledge agenda forward, creates enthusiasm and commitment
• Top management support - a CEO who recognizes the value of knowledge and who actively supports the knowledge team in its work
• A clear value proposition - identification of the link between knowledge and the bottom line business benefit; new measures of performance and appropriate rewards.
• A compelling vision and architecture - frameworks that drive the agenda forward
• Creation of a culture that supports innovation, learning and knowledge sharing. This is usually supported by appropriate reward mechanisms.
• A technical infrastructure that supports knowledge work - from simple knowledge support tools to Intranets and ultimately more sophisticated groupware and decision support. Simulation, data mining and good document management also have a role.
• Systematic knowledge processes, supported by specialists in information management (librarians) but with close partnership between users and providers of information.

Usually, the knowledge agenda develops through a process of evaluation from pilot projects that are used to build capabilities and derive learning for subsequent applications.

Issues and Challenges

        The biggest challenge reported by those practitioners we have met, is that of changing the culture from "knowledge is power" to "knowledge sharing is power". Other common obstacles are:

• Finding time - with so many initiatives vying for attention, it is easy to sideline more challenging issues like knowledge management. However, those organisations that have committed resources and have knowledge champions have achieved outcomes that far surpass the level of inputs
• Introversion - afraid to learn from outsiders or expose internal operations to customers
• Too focused on detailed process - rather than the big picture and the more chaotic process of knowledge creation
• Treating it as one-off project or quick-win - knowledge management is a commitment to the long-term: the organization’s future prosperity.
• Individual disciplines and 'turf wars' - knowledge management goes beyond the remit of any single function or discipline. All functions must collaborate.
• Organizational recognition and reward systems usually do not sufficiently recognize knowledge contributions. They are linked to traditional financial measures.

None of these challenges are insurmountable. Implementing successful knowledge management requires a systematic change and project management approach. However, it is more than just a project. Over time knowledge management changes the way that people work so that thier indiviudal knowledge is more effectively harnessed for the benefit of all.

http://www.skyrme.com/insights/22km.htm#momentum

chapter 12

Examples of information systems

Canon Software Information Systems Inc. is a leading developer and supplier of network software in Japan. Since 1983, we have made a success in providing various kinds of network software for various types of business users.

We currently have product lines mainly including Web Conferencing, Webmail Server, FAX Server, EDI/File Transfer and Terminal Emulator, all of that are designed for business users who need high performance but easy-to-use software to access the network.
Especially for Emulator and EDI, we have been highly evaluated by our customers and we are proud that the market share of our Emulator is on top of Japan.
Our Web conferencing system is a gathering of our accumulated knowledge. It thoroughly has strength on network connectivity and security.

We are committed to the mission of providing superior technologies and reliable products to our customers, just as we have continued to grow and establish a high reputation. We expect to keep expanding our business and serving our customers with the best products and service.

Corporate Profile

Company Name Canon Software Information Systems Inc. Office Address Osaka Headquarters: Osaka Sakaisuji Bldg, 2-2-13, Bakuromachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-0059 TEL: 81(6)6125-4828, FAX: 81(6)6125-4821 Tokyo Branch: Nomura Tennozu Bldg, 2-4-11, Higashi-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8526 TEL: 81(3)6701-3570, FAX: 81(3)6701-3571 Shinkawasaki Office: Shikawasaki Mitsui Bldg, 890-12, kashimada, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Ken 212-0058 TEL: 81(44)520-8200, FAX: 81(44)533-2188 Established July 15, 1983 Capital 426.6 million yen Ownership Canon Software Inc. Number of Employees 272(2011/04/01) Annual Turnover 2,832 million yen(2010) Main Business We mainly develop our business in the following three fields of information industry. Software Products We develop and provide high-quality and reliable products and solutions to satisfy various types of enterprises. We also support the construction of connceting the legacy system to open system seamlessly. Solution and Software Development We try to provide the most suitable solution for your company because we have a lot of experience in various fields such as finance, distribution, service and government, and then have rich knowledge to establish the best information infrastructure. Engineering Here, we also contribute to the large improvement of Canon's added value. We expect to realize more cooperation with our existing products and develop much more new products. Main Bank Mizuho Bank Association Membership Japan Information Technology Services Industry Association(JISA) Japan Institute for Promotion of Digital Economy and Community(JIPDEC) Computer Software Association of Japan(CSAJ) Official Homepage www.canon-js.co.jp Board of Directors President: Hideyuki Umezawa Managing Director: Akihiko Chimura Director: Kenji Minematsu Director: Tokuji Kigure Director: Yoshihiko Tokura Auditor: Toshihiko Shimada Auditor: Kouji Nakajima

www.canon-js.co.jp

Chapter 11

The Pros and Cons of in formation technology.

Information Technology Pro

1. The world has the flexibility

we do or what to think, plan employees, colleagues and friends are our shared with. Internet technology, this system has a high degree. The idea of ​​the telephone (Alexander Graham Bell) was changed and made like mobile phones, to increase the flexibility in communication and talk to our dear comrades, wheneverDemand!

2. The sense of responsibility has increased

Let 'Barack Obama President of USA, "as the figure. The use of networking sites (Twitter and Facebook), blogs, social bookmarking, the LEADER approach in the world, if necessary, we can send messages and updates that are ( or will be made by us) will be 'within a very short period of time.

3. Just to think, and developments in the transport sector

Of thought and research, weResources need to find out what people thought of our past, which the quotations that have left us (information theory + +). We can use it with a single click in the search engines (especially Google ™, Yahoo) to find. By a clear cut idea, we have the opportunity to help the world with new ideas and technological inventions and to share what we learned during our lives.

And over the centuries has contributed to a widening of the transport strategy that helps us attend to one place to anotherof (roads, highways, air, water and sky!)

4. This allows you to save thousands of lives every day

Then, from the point of entry I hope you understand me relate to the development of the medical field. Every day people relief with the perfect use of medicine, hospital technology, by adding (X-rays, laser treatments) and more in the queue. With the combination of World Health Organization, several life-threatening diseases to overcome and be expelled from the newly establishedCountries rapidly and the plans and ideas.

5. Increase the sense of human rights

Technology can remember those of our human rights, basic needs and updates made ​​available to or around the world where it is necessary to help alleviate. During earthquakes, floods, horrible, that during the cooperation is necessary on the World Wide Web Help us to collect the donation of a set.

They can not understand, it's about good and bad sides of the Information and Technology ManagementWithin a page and how, as he mixes with all aspects and angles of our lives. Rather, we have seen in side effects bad side (cons) that led in the sectors of human society.

Information Technology Cons

He pulled the privacy of individuals

As the IT sector the hearts of people around the world have wined. People are here to share and store any kind of information, the date of the individuals in their private hard drives and onlineDatabases. But because of some computer criminals, is not as safe, both online and offline. If someone has a little "sloppy, he / she has to pay high. (E 'heavy).

The online community is not safe for the family more

Children under the age can often share cell numbers, e-mail contact, which can be manipulated by people and pass it to the criminals who harm a blueprint of the company. And people lose their privacy and credit card payments from otherProcessing options. Again, there are several Web sites created perverse that a child can be worn under the age of eighteen in a different place – that the nation is to bring Harms.

E 'intention to harm a human Natural Power

People should be the best of all creations (in Islam). We can imagine, to collect the human principles (ethical knowledge) and then working relationships with friends and family. But because of the harmful aspects of the (IT) People are always fullbased technology. And it can bring great harm to society by taking away the thoughts and ideas of natural organic.

You can bring effective administration without World Destruction

This is something more that I write, having regard to the various science-fiction. Great scholars have, even if the problem with wisdom. Up to now (people) we are holding a prominent place in the world and the management of information technology. But come one day, when theThe technology is for us to manage all aspects. It is possible that we will probably convert the slaves of technology.

So from this I am not trying to say that the technology to bring harm here, just because I have a technological man over 24 hours of navigation computer and talk on the phone itself. But as part of human society, we must take a look at both sides.

http://technology-personal-tech.chailit.com/the-pros-and-cons-of-information-technology.html

Chapter 10 Good websites and Bias information

Chapter 10

Good websites :Evaluating website..

Evaluating websites

When you're surfing the Web, you probably only think about one thing when you look at a Web site: whether or not it's fun.

But when you're looking for information on the Web for school -- or really any time that you care that what you find is true and up-to-date -- you have to evaluate the website to make sure that you can trust the information on it.

Here are some questions to ask when you're looking at a website that will help you decide whether or not it's good:

Who made it?

Anyone can make a Web page. In fact, not only can anyone make a Web page, anyone can make a Web page and lie about who they are! You could make a Web page that said you were Eminem, and no one would stop you from putting it on the Web. But sites that really belong to the people they say they belong to have some things in common:

• There's some way to contact the people responsible for the site; usually an e-mail address, sometimes a phone number and street address, too.
• Pages within the website look similar: they may have the same background color, or there will be the same logo on every page.
• Pages within the website link back to the home page, and to elsewhere in the site.
• The website shows signs of being proofread; there are no spelling or grammar errors.

If you're going to use information from a website for a school project, think about getting it from a website that you already know will have good information, such as the website of a library, a school, or a museum. Often, libraries, schools, and museums will have links on their sites to other sites that they have already evaluated for quality and accuracy. The Multnomah County Library Homework Center (www.multcolib.org/homework/) is a good place to start.

When was it last updated?

Look for a 'last updated' date near the top or bottom of the site's home page. If a website has been updated recently, that's generally a good sign. It means someone's paying attention to the site, making sure links still work, maybe changing parts of it to reflect more recent news or research. But it's not always necessary for a website to have been updated recently for it to be valuable. For instance, if a website provides the full text of Shakespeare's sonnets, that text isn't going to change, so it's not necessary for it to be frequently updated.

Is it clear what it's about?

You should be able to tell why a website exists, and what information it's trying to provide. If the purpose of the website is confusing or unclear, that's a good sign that you should look for a different site.

Are there a lot of ads?

Ads can be long, rectangular banners at the top or bottom of the screen, or sometimes they are on the left or right side of the screen. It's not always easy to recognize all the ads on a page; sometimes ads will look like messages from your computer, or just like part of the website that you're looking at. Teach yourself to spot ads, and be aware that if a website has a lot of ads, you may want to think twice about whether the information on it is unbiased. However, many valuable sites do contain advertising to help support themselves.

Is it easy to find the information you need?

You won't always be able to find exactly what you need right on the very first page of the first website you go to. Looking at different places and gathering information from them is what doing research means. But if it's very hard for you to find the information you need, and especially if it seems that information from one part of the website contradicts another part, you may want to try another site.

Sometimes, there is no good Web site.

If you're having a really hard time finding anything for the topic you're interested in, you may want to look elsewhere: in books, magazines, or newspapers. Also, remember that you can always ask a librarian for help searching for any kind of information you need.

Example of good website

http://www.ipl.org/

Bias information

Description

When we are trying to make a decision, we generally seek data on which to rationally base the choice. Where this goes wrong, is when we assume that all information is useful, and that 'more is better'.

Sometimes, extra information adds no significant value. Sometimes it simply serves to confuse.

RESEARCH

Baron, Beattie, and Hershey (1988), gave subjects a diagnostic problem involving fictitious symptoms, tests and diseases. Many subjects said they would need additional tests even when they had sufficient data.

EXAMPLE

A manager gets consultants to do a study of the marketplace when a third party report is already available at far less cost.

SO WHAT?

Using it

When you want people to pay attention to your information, even when they have other information you may well be able to present it, for example as 'new findings'.

You can also deliberately create overload by encouraging people to seek more and more data.

Defending

Think first about what information you need and go for that which is just sufficient and necessary.

Examples of Bias : Global warming

1. Conservapedia posted the news about liberal corruption of global warming science (climategate) on its Main Page on the very first day: November 19th. But it took Wikipedia over two weeks to give priority to this bombshell, and even now its entry is remarkably biased against it.
2. 100's of other climatologists have been removed from the category "Global warming skeptics", which Wikipedia decided to delete.^[Wikipedia's most controversial pages are guarded by liberal elite. Thereby, accuracy is replaced with ideology. The first one-hundred and sixty-eight words on Wikipedia's Global Warming page contains multiple conjectures, major errors and bias. "increase in the average measured temperature ... since the mid-twentieth century" that same paragraph "solar variation combined with volcanoes ... and a small cooling effect from 1950 onward." Which is it, warmer or cooler from 1950? "very likely due" "probably had" or "the overwhelming majority of scientists working on climate change agree with the IPCC's main conclusions"- unsubstantiated bias.

http://www.conservapedia.com/Global_Warming

Chapter 9


Search engines work

 The term "search engine" is often used generically to describe both crawler-based search engines and human-powered directories. These two types of search engines gather their listings in radically different ways.

Crawler-Based Search Engines

     If you change your web pages, crawler-based search engines eventually find these changes, and that can affect how you are listed. Page titles, body copy and other elements all play a role.

Crawler-based search engines, such as Google, create their listings automatically. They "crawl" or "spider" the web, then people search through what they have found.

Human-Powered Directories

     A human-powered directory, such as the Open Directory, depends on humans for its listings. You submit a short description to the directory for your entire site, or editors write one for sites they review. A search looks for matches only in the descriptions submitted.

     Changing your web pages has no effect on your listing. Things that are useful for improving a listing with a search engine have nothing to do with improving a listing in a directory. The only exception is that a good site, with good content, might be more likely to get reviewed for free than a poor site.

"Hybrid Search Engines" Or Mixed Results

     In the web's early days, it used to be that a search engine either presented crawler-based results or human-powered listings. Today, it extremely common for both types of results to be presented. Usually, a hybrid search engine will favor one type of listings over another. For example, MSN Search is more likely to present human-powered listings from LookSmart. However, it does also present crawler-based results (as provided by Inktomi), especially for more obscure queries.

The Parts Of A Crawler-Based Search Engine

     Crawler-based search engines have three major elements. First is the spider, also called the crawler. The spider visits a web page, reads it, and then follows links to other pages within the site. This is what it means when someone refers to a site being "spidered" or "crawled." The spider returns to the site on a regular basis, such as every month or two, to look for changes.

     Everything the spider finds goes into the second part of the search engine, the index. The index, sometimes called the catalog, is like a giant book containing a copy of every web page that the spider finds. If a web page changes, then this book is updated with new information.

     Sometimes it can take a while for new pages or changes that the spider finds to be added to the index. Thus, a web page may have been "spidered" but not yet "indexed." Until it is indexed -- added to the index -- it is not available to those searching with the search engine.

     Search engine software is the third part of a search engine. This is the program that sifts through the millions of pages recorded in the index to find matches to a search and rank them in order of what it believes is most relevant. You can learn more about how search engine software ranks web pages on the aptly-named How Search Engines Rank Web Pages page.

Major Search Engines: The Same, But Different

     All crawler-based search engines have the basic parts described above, but there are differences in how these parts are tuned. That is why the same search on different search engines often produces different results. Some of the significant differences between the major crawler-based search engines are summarized on the Search Engine Features Page. Information on this page has been drawn from the help pages of each search engine, along with knowledge gained from articles, reviews, books, independent research, tips from others and additional information received directly from the various search engines.

Five examples of search engines on the Internet

Freesearch  is a UK based search resource     http://www.freesearch.co.uk/

ABC Search engine - every search starts with ABC  http://www.abcsearchengine.com/




YouTube is for videos, but you knew that already  http://www.youtube.com/?noredirect=1

Galaxy is a directory based search engine   http://www.galaxy.com/


Definitions is good for thousands of definitions  http://www.definitions.net/